Seenaa Oromoota Finfinnee
Seenaan Oromoo Gullallee fi Qabsoo Isaanii
Barreessaa: Darajjee Bahaaruu Margaa
Seenaan Oromoo Gullallee akkuma seenaa Oromoota kaanii nama gaddisiisa, nama boochisa, haaridhaan ilkaan nama ciniinnachiisee, xiiqii garaa nama kaayee, booree baafachuuf, jechuun biyya ofii deebisanii harkatti galfachuuf nama kakkaasa. Kanaafuu, nama boochisas nama boonsisasi!
Raasaa kana (jidduu kana) namoonni keenya tokko tokko waayee dhuma kanaa irratti yaada ciccimaa fi barreeffama (material) kana irratti argatan nuu dabarsaniiti jiru. Keessumaayyuu barreeffamni karaa Dr. Makuraa Bulchaa argame gammachiisaa dha. Waraqata isaa kana otoo namoonni yeroo qaban gara afaan Oromootti hiikanii, akkuma inni jedhe karaa beektaniin warra biyyaatii ergamee hedduu gaarii dha. Har’a ijoolleen Oromoo kan miliyoonaan lakkaawamantu dheebuu barreeffatoota afaan keenyaan bayanii qabu.
Gabaasa Seenaa
Amma ennaa warraaqaa jiran kana immoo kan akkanaa, kan namni oggaa warri Minilik biyya keenya gubu, nama keenya gorra’u, dachee barbadeessee loonillee gadoochuu wajjin deemee, argee barreesse kana argata! niitoo dubbisan baay’ee isaan gargaara.
Waan hundaafuu, akkuma obboleessi keenya kun jedhe, nuti “lamenting” guddifnee jirraa, mee kana dhiifnee karaa biyyaas karaa alaas warraaqnee, uummata keenya isa itti duulamaa jiru maddii ijaajjineetoo, haa sochoonu! Nuti hunduu akka kanaan duraatti qabsoo bilisummaa saba keenyaa adeemsisuu akka hin dandeenye, daran beekuu qabna.
Addunyaa geeddaramte tana keessatti nutis geeddaramuu qabna. Akkuma Dr. Asaffaa Jaalataa sirriitti kaaye, “the politics of common sense”-n bilisummaa keenya gonfachuu hin dandeenyu. Dammaqiinsa sabaa, Oromummaa, kan ammaa caala gabbifnee, tokkummaa ijaarsota keenya isa bu’ureeffame (ULFO) sirriitti cimsineetoo, qabsoo sirriitti ijaaramee qindeeffame adeemsisuun dirqama. Dirqama kana tahu waan karaan biraa hin jirreefi.
Hunduu akkanumatti harqoota koloneeffattootaa caccabsee of irraa darbate. Nutis harqoota kononeeffattoota Abas haa akkanumtti hurreessinee darbachuu qabna. Yoo akka kanaa olitti ibsame goone qofa, jara meeshaa waraanaa isa ammayyaa hidhatee nuttu duule, hammas ittuma fufee nutti duulaa jiru kana, kan of irraa faccisuu dandeenyu.
Shaggar-Finfinnee fi Oromoon Naannoo Isaa
Seenaan Shaggar-Finfinnee seenaa Oromoota isa marsanii jiran, keessumaayyuu seenaa Oromoo Gullallee wajjin walqabata. Oromoonni Shaggar marsanii jiran: Gullallee, Eekkaa, Galaan, Sulutaa fi Meettaa Aabbuu ti. Kana keessa Gullallee fi Eekkaan Shaggar keessas jiraatuyyu, jechuun akka biyya lammiin tokko irra jiruutti. Hammas isaan lafa irraa duguuganee fuxuun, koloneeffattoota keenyyaa hin taane, akka gurmee fi namtokkeettis Shaggar keessa ni jiraatu.
Oromoon Gullallee akkamitti waraana Minilik dura akka dhaabatee, of irraa ittisee, boodas humna qawwee ibiddaatiin akka moyamee, boodas Shaggar keessaa akka itti buqqifame, kanaa gaditti gabaabinaan addeeffama.
Oromoon Shaggar-Finfinnee irraa buqqifamee hari’amuun (ethnic cleansing) kan jalqabamee har’aa mitii waggaa dhibba dura. Inni har’aa kun yoo roorriftuuwwan Abashaatii fiixan baye, isa lammaffaa taha. Ammas taanan kan jalqabame, erga warri Wayyaanee “raroo keessan xaxaddhaatii nurraa bayaa!”, warra OPDO-tiin jedhaniiyyii miti.
Oromoon keenya kan dubbiin hin galleef, “Shaggar keenya babaldhate” jedheetoo, warra Abashaa wajjin burraaqa. Ammoo inni dubbiin ganamumaan galeef, akka jagnicha Oromoo isa durii, akka Abbishee Garbaa quba ofii nyaataa jira. Akkuma Shaggar babaldhaachaa deemu qeyeen Oromoota naannoo kanaa buqqaa’aa deema.
Dhuguma Londonis, Barliinis, Kaayiroonis, Waashingitan Diisiis … ganda qotee bulaa buqqiseeti babaldhate. Ammoo inni kun seeraan beekamee, namoonni buqqifamanis gaafatamanii, wanni hedduu kennameefiti.
Dabaleesoo, kan buqqa’us kan bakka isaa buqqa’ee qubatus uummatuma tokko. Keenya garuu, kan buqqa’u ganda Oromoo ti; kan dhufee achi qubatu warra Abashaa ti. Gandi Oromoo tokko oggaa buqqa’u, aadaa fi seenaa Oromootu wajjin buqqa’a.
Silaa Shaggar dalgamalee, ol hin ijaaramu, manni dhoqqee Buraayyuu irraa kaasee Aqaaqii Basaqaa gayee jira. Kun immoo baatii baatiin Oromoo naannoo kanaa irratti raawwatamaa jira. Gullalleen fi Eekkaan buqqifama durattii irraa hafee, kunoo amma ijuma keenya duratti buqqifamaa jira. Kanas Oromoonni kun tole jedhanii hin fudhanne. Gara waggaa torbaatii kaasee ofi irraa faccisaati jiru. Ammoo kan isaan dhagawu, kan isanii birmatu, kan waayee kanaa illee addunyaa dhageessiseef hin jiru.
Uummanni kun waldaa gandaatiin ijaaramee, yaa’ii ofii irratti murtii dabarsee, mana marii Shaggar dura dhaabatee jira. Garuu, manni marii Shaggar kunis foolisii itti duulchisee isaan buqqiseeti jira. Kuni Oromoota Naannoo Buraayyuu (Gullallee), naannoo Garjii (Eekkaa), naannoo Boolee fi Laaftoo (Gullallee!) fa irratti raawwatamee jira. Ammallee ittima fufeetoo jira.
Kun cufti yommuu tahu, warri OPDO isaan hin gargaarre. Ilaa gandeen kun kan turan gariin hammas kan jiran “Bulchiinsa Shaggar” jala otoo hin tayin, Oromiyaa jala. Oromiyaan warra OPDO immoo, Oromiyaa uummata ofiitii dhaabattu otoo hin taane, Oromiyaa kophee koloneeffattootaa fi maxxantoota isaanii jala jirtuu ti.
Warri Amaaraa Shaggar yeroo duraa karaa mara hammaa kiilomeetira 50-tti babaldhisuuf, kan karoora baafatan jabana Darguu ti. Karaa hundaa kiilomeetira 50 jechuun: karaa Salaalee magaalaa Caancoo fi Sulultaa dabree hamma laga Dubar-itti, karaa Amboo hamma Ijeree (“Addis Alam”)-tti, karaa Walisoo hamma Tajiitti, karaa Sooddooo hamma Malkaa Qunxureetti, karaa Adaamaa hamma Bishooftuutti, karaa Abbichuu hamma Bakeetti.
Kuni sagantaa isanii isa duraati malee, booda babaldhisani “mootummaa naannoo Addis Ababa” jedhaniitoo, Shaggar-Finfinnee biyya Amaaraa isa Manjee (Manz) wajjin walqabsiisuufi. Ammaa egaa, oftuultonni Amaaraa isa bara Darguu galmee keessaa baasanii Wayyaaneetti kennaa jiru. Mallasis warra Amaaraa ofitti harkisuuf, dabalees fedhii warra isaatii eeguuf, kana haaromsee itti ka’e.
Ka’iisa Oromoo Gullallee Bara 1878
Oromoon Gullallee bara dheeraa waraanaa mootummaa Abashaa of irraa faccisaa ture. Isa xixxiqaa yoo dhiifne yeroo lama, waraana isatti duule of irraa deebisee jira. Ammoo dubbiin meeshaa waraanaa isa ammayyaa irratti kan hundaaye, waan tayeef, waraana isa sadaffaa irratti moyame.
Sana dura Goobana Daccee Minilik wajjin dhaabatee, erga Oromoo Abbichuu, Jirruu fi Galaan faa cabse, Oromoota Tuulamaa fi Maccaatti jaarsa ergee, akka Minilik dura hin dhaabanne gochuuf yaale. Kan inni jedhus: nuti fi warri Sidaamaa bara dheeraa wallollee, wal-madeessinee jirra. Isaan amma qawwee argatanii nuti garuu, homaa of harkaa hin qabnu. Nutumtuu gosa gosaan wallolaa jirra.
Kanaa mannaa koottaa nuti tokkummaa Oromoo dhaabaneeti, isaan wajjinis nagaan fi walqixxummaan jiraannaa! Ammoo durreewwan Oromoo baay’een tokkummaa Oromoo inni kaase, yoo jaalatan illee isa Amaara wajjin taana jedhu hin jaalanne. Isas amanuu hin dandeenye. Booda Oromoonni “yoo tokkummaa Oromoo feete kophaa kee koottu! Diina harkiftee nutti hin dhufini. Yoo isaan wajjin dhuftee, isaan jala nu galchuu barbaadde, nuti si dura dhaabanna.”, jedhaniini.
Innis gorsa isaanii hin dhageenye; isaanis dhaamsa isaa hin fudhanne. Warri Minilik in dhufu, Oromoon immoo of irraa deebisa. Kuni waggaa baay’ee fudhate. Minilik inni Oromoo Abbichuu bara 1868 keessa qabate, Oromiyaa guutuu qabachuuf waggaa 31 irraa fudhate. Kunis inni dhumaa Oromoo Booranaa isa bara 1899 qabatame.
Waraanni Minilik inni yeroo lama Oromoo Gullalleetin moyame, isa sadaffaa irratti akkaan hidhatee itti dhufe. Gullalleen waraanaa dhufaa jiru dhageyee, yaa’ii waame. Yaa’iin kun waltajjii Shaggar bakka yaa’iin isaanii durattumaa itti tahu, Tulluu Daalattii irratti. Bakki kun iddoo booda Minilik masaraa itti ijaarratee, “masaraa guddicha” jedhen, bakka amma Mallas Zenaa jiraatu. Yaa’iin seena-qabeessi kun guyyaa guutuu walmariyachaa oolee, booda sagalee tokkoon waraarana Minilik dura dhaabachuuf murtee dabarse. Murtee yaa’ii kanaa E. Cerulli: The folk-Literature of the Galla of Southern Abssinia: Cambridge, 1922, keessatti barreeffamee jira.
Oromoon Gullallee yaa’ii kana irratti:
Koottu Dhufe
Akka ati dhuftee toltuun biyyattaa dhufu
Nagaan warrattaa dhudhu
—
Tume seera
Muree seeera
Seerri seera Gullalleeti
Seerri seera Tuulamaati
Seerri seera abbootii Oromooti
—
Luugama fardarraan baasin
Meendhacha harkarraan baasin
Jedhee kutannoo cimtuudhan waraana warra Abashaa isa meeshaa Oroppaa hidhatee, warra Oroppaatinis leenjifame dura dhaabate. Boodas akka uummanni keenya jedutti “qawwee ibiddaatin” gubatee, mo’ muu danadaye. Yeroon kun bara 1875 keessa.
Loltuu Minilik Oromoon Gullallee akka mana manaan hiratee, sooru abboomame. Lultuun kun mindaa hin qabuu, mindaan isaa qutee bulaa Oromoo taye. Gaangota isaatii okaa kan haamu, miila isaa kan dhiqu ijoollee fi dubartii Oromoo ti. Dabalees daakee, tolchee kan isaan sooru dubartii Oromoo ti. Kana keessaa warra “dabaloo”n isaanii dhume illee kan itti uffisu Oromoo dha. Jarri qawwee warra Faranjii irraa maqaa kiristaanatiin kennameef malee, biyya Amaaratii wanni qabatanii dhufan hin turre.
Oromoota Gullallee humna qawweetiin jilbeeffachiisan waan amanuu hin dandeenyeef, guyyaa guyyaa qawwee gateettii ofiitti rarraafatanii oolu. Halkan halkan immoo of bira kaayaniiti rafu. Yoo allaattiin bar jettellee waan Oromoon utaalee isaan qabatu itti fakkaata. Haalli kun gara waggaa lama fudhate.
Wiirtuu Shaggar keessaa garri amma “Filwuha”, “Biherawi”, “Masqal Addababy”, Istaadiyooma, Dhaaba Sangaa faa jedhamu yeroo gannaa ni dhoqqaawa. Kanaafuu, warri Gullallee ganna ganna gara naannoo baddaatti darabaa galu. Waxabajjii deemanii gara dhuma Fulbaana darabaa dhaa deebi’u. Darabaa jechuun immoo yeroof ganna horii ho offatanii bakka biraatti galuu dha.
Ganna oggaa abbootiin warraa kan Oromoota Gullallee darabaa dhaqan, loltuun Amaaraa dubartoota isaanii dirqisiisnii wajjin ciisu. Dubartoonnis otuma garaan isaanii gubatuu, silaawoo qawween isaan doorsisuu wajjin rafu. “Wajjin ciifnu diina, dinnu du’a” jettee dubartiin Gullallee bara durii jedhama. Kana dubartiin walitti himtee, ganda gandaan akkuma walbeektutti waliin mariyatte.
Yoo abbootii warraa isaanitti himan, dhiironni haaranii Amaara qawwee boraafatee ciisuun wallolanii, galaafatamu jedhneeti sodaatani. Booda itti himnaa irratti walii galaniitoo, haarii dhan itti himani. “Abbaa warraa lama qabna moo?”, jedhanii warra dhiiraa booree garaa kaayani.
Silaa yaa’iin dhoowwamee jiraa, dhiironni gurmuu gurmuun walgayanii mariyachuun qabsoo haddhooftuu gochuuf, walii galani. Dubbiin turte: nutoo meeshaa waraanaa hin qabnuu, akkamitti diina qawweetti rasaasa naqatee, nu jidduu taa’uun qabsaawuu dandeenyaa ti. Mariyatanii mala tokko irra gayani.
Kunis guyyaa murame tokkotti, halkan dukkanaayee oggaa waarii jala gaye, warri manneen isaanii tulluu fi koobii bira jiru, daamotii (ibsaa) qabsiisanii gadi bawuu dha. Ennaa kana Oromoon Gullallee mana manaa gadi bayee, “uu uu qabi, dhayi! Uu uu qabi, dhayi!”, jedhee iyyuu dha. Warri akkana godhus dukkanaa fi muka dayeeffachuu qaba.
Gullalleen akkuma waliigaletti sagantaa isaa hojii irra ooleche. Yoona loltuun Amaaraa wareeree, utaalee, kaan ofumaan Oromoo se’ee, walitti dhukaasuun walgalaafate. Kaan immoo shootalaa fi bakara Gullallee isa dukkana gaachana godhatee haleelutti dirmee, kaan hallayyaatti nam’ee dhume. Loltuu xiqqoo kana irraa hafee, oduuf Ankoobar, Minilik bira gaye.
Minilik gara ji’a sagalii itti qopphaayee, waraana cimaa ilma obboleessa isaatiin, Dajjaach Mashashaa Seefuu-tiin durfame, Oromoo Gullalleetti, bara 1878 keessa duulchise. Oromoon Gullallees qopphaayee, akka nama tokkoo tayee dura gore. Karaa onnee Oromoon yoo caale malee, Amaaraa gadii miti.
Karaa qopphiis sirriitti of ijaaree jira. Ammoo Oromoon meeshaa waraanaa: eeboo, shootala, wantaa, furrisa, ablee, billaa faa malee, kan ammayyaa waa tokkollee hin qabu. Warri Amaaraa akkuma Oromoo ofii lilmoo faa malee hin tolchine. Garuu, Oromoon “nu warra kiristaanaa fixuufi” jedhee, warra Faranjii irraa meehsaa jabanaa guurratee, ogeessa waraana Faranjitiinis leenjifamee jira.
Oromoon Gullallee akkuma Oromoo Arsii, Oromoo Harargee faa biyya ofii fi bilisummaa ofiitii ka’ee, diina itti dhufe dura dhaabate. Dacheen Gullallee, Shaggar gubattee guyyaa guutuu lolanii, Oromoon akka okaatti hamamee, kan hafe harka kenne.
San booda Minilik kun isa hanqatee, ammas haloo bawuuf, Oromoo Gullallee jiddugaleessa Shaggar keessa jiraatu, isaantu kana sade jedhee, kan dhumaatii irraa hafe buqqise. Gullalleen wiirtuu Shaggar, naannoo Hora Finfinnee faa jiru, mana manaan faffaca’ee, gara obbolaa isaa gara naannoo Oromoota birootti baqate. Kaan Meettaa, Sooddo, Bacho, Ada’a Bargaa, Waliso, Kuttaaye faatti baqatee, boodas isaanin moggaafamee hafe.
Waggaa kudhan booda (1887-1888) oggaa Minilik Inxooxxoo irraa gadi bu’ee, Shaggar magaalmataa impaayara isaa taasifatu, Oromoon Gullallee inni naannoo amma “Arat-Kilo”, “Siddis-Kilo”, “Lidata”, Markaatoo, Kasaanchis, Piyaassaa (Birbirsa) faa jiru, buqqifamee waraana Minilikiin oofamee, Arsii naannoo Asallaa qubachiifame.
Warri kana irraa hafes, akkuma Shaggar babaldhachaa deemu, innis buqqifamaa deeme. Tahus Oromoo Gullallee lafa irraa duguuganii fixuun daddhabamee, har’as Shaggar keessa fi naannoo isaas numa jira. Kan biraa hafee, ijuma keenya duratti: Boolee, Garjii, Bulbula, Laaftoo, Makkannisa, Kaarra Qoree, Buraayyuu, Askoo, Shoogalee, Qaallittii faa irraa qeyeen isaa buqqa’ee jirra.
Oromoon Gullallee hamileen isaa cimaa waan tayeef, har’uma illee akkuma Oromoota Warjii faa Shaggar keessatti aadaa fi afaan isaa gadi hin dhiifne. Walaloo dhan, sirba dhiichisaatiin, kan geerrarsaatiin, kan naannetiin — roorroo isa irratti hojjatamee fi ammas hojjatamaa jiru ibsata. Mee kana keessaa lamaan isaanii callaan isinii dhiyeessa:
a) Booleen dur qamadii magarsaa
Amma roopphalaat irra marsaa!
Irra marsee, irra marsee gadi bu’ee
Saani abbaa qabu du’ee!
b) Boolee yaa bishaan Boolee
Roopphilaan harra dirree oolee
Boru Jimmaan gaddabraa
Barri hamaan kun in dabraa
Gattaa’ii, gattaa’itii dhayi sarbaa!
Xumurtoo
Kanaa olitti ka’iifni Oromoo Gullallee fi diddaan qabsoo isaanii, gabaabin isinii dhiyeeffamee jira. Malaa fi tooftaa isaan diina isaaniitti ka’aniinis agarreetoo jirra. Uummata kutatee ka’e wanni isa duubatti deebisu hin jiru.
Qabsoo diddaa kana keessatti qoonni dubartoonni Oromoo Gullallee qaban daran nama gammachiisa. Kan nama boonsisusi. Har’as dubartoonni keenya didha (booree) garaa nu kaayanii, nu kakaasuu qabu. Siiqqee ofii qabatanii oggaa isaan ka’anii, biyya kaasan dhiyaachaa jira.
Roorriftoonni Abashaa uummata keenya ba’aa inni baatee deemuu hin dandenye, itti fe’aa jiru. Dachee teenya Shaggar-Finfinnee, handhuura biyya keenyaa irraayyi duguuganii nu haxaawuuf deemaa jiru. Shaggar – Finfinnee, nuuf asxaa biyyummaa keenyaa ti. Wiirtii aadaa fi taliiga keenyaa ti. Ayaa abbootii fi haadhotii Oromoo ti. Akka uummata Falastiinaa biyya keenya irraa nu buqqisaa jiru. Akka saba Falastiinaatti akka lollu nu gochaas jiru. “Ka’aa! Oromoo maal taatanii teessu!”, nuun jechaati jiru. Kana kan nuun jedhu sagalee isaanii otoo hin taane, gocha isaanii ti.
Nuti daangaa nama hin dabarre. Haqa namaa tokkollee hin tuqne. Tokkollee hin tuqnusi. Oromiyaa boruu, ishii bilisoomte keessatti immoo haqni fi mirgi ilmoo namaa guutuutti akka eegamu, agoobarri ijaarsota keenyaa, ULFO sirriitti kaaye jira. Nuti caalatti ijaaramnee, kan ijaaramnes ija arsota keenya caalatti cimsinee, achumaanis tokko goone, tokkummaa ijaarsota keenyaa fi kan saba keenyaa akka utubaa sibiilaatti jabeessinee, ibidda qabsoo isa qabsiifame kana akka sirriitti boba’u gochuu dha. Kana gaafa goone, eenyuyyuu qabsoo bilisummaa saba keenyaa dura dhaabachuu hin dandayu.
የፊንፊኔ ኦሮሞዎች ታሪክ
የተሰደዱት፣ የተቋቋሙት እና የማይጠፋው የጉለሌ መንፈስ
ጸሐፊ፦ ዳንዲ ረገባ
የፊንፊኔ—በአለም አቀፍ ደረጃ አዲስ አበባ በመባል የምትታወቀው ከተማ—የኦሮሞ ህዝብ ታሪክ እጅግ አሳዛኝ እና የማይበገር ተቃውሞ ታሪክ ነው። ልብን የሚያለቅስ፣ ጥርስን የሚያስጮህ፣ ነፍስን ወደ ተግባር የሚያነሳ እና ኩራትን የሚያስገኝ ታሪክ ነው።
በጥበብ እንደሚባለው፡- “የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ታሪክ፣ እንደሌሎች የኦሮሞ ማህበረሰቦች ታሪክ ሁሉ፣ ያላስባል፣ ያለቅሳል፣ ጥርስን ያስጮሃል፣ ልብን ወደ ተግባር ያነሳሳል እና ኩራትን ያስገኛል።”
መሬቱ እና ህዝቡ
ፊንፊኔ በባዶ መሬት ላይ አልተገነባችም። የተገነባችው በኦሮሞ ህዝብ አጽም እና ደም ላይ ነው። አሁን አዲስ አበባ በመባል የምትታወቀው አካባቢ በአንድ ወቅት የታላቁ ቱላማ ኦሮሞ ብሔር አንዱ የሆነው የጉለሌ ኦሮሞ ጎሳ እምብርት ነበረች። ከጉለሌ ጎሳ ጎን ለጎን ሌሎች የኦሮሞ ጎሳዎች—ኤካ፣ ገላን፣ ሜታ አቡ እና ሱሉልታ—በአሁኑ ዋና ከተማ ዙሪያ ይኖሩ ነበር።
ፊንፊኔ የሚለው ስም ራሱ ኦሮሞ ነው፣ ከምድር ማህፀን ከሚፈልቀው የሙቅ የማዕድን ፍል ውሃ (ፊንፊና) የተገኘ ነው። ለብዙ መቶ ዘመናት እነዚህ ፍልውሃዎች ለኦሮሞ ህዝብ እና ለከብቶቻቸው የፈውስ እና የመተዳደሪያ ምንጭ ነበሩ።
መሬቱ ለምለም እና ሀብታም ነበር—የግጦሽ መሬቶች፣ ወንዞች እና ኮረብታዎች የኦሮሞ ህዝብ በገዳ ሥርዓት—የህይወታቸውን እያንዳንዱን ገጽታ በሚቆጣጠር ዲሞክራሲያዊ የአስተዳደር ሥርዓት መሰረት ይኖሩበት ነበር።
የቅኝ ገዥዎች መምጫ
በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን መገባደጃ ላይ አፄ ሚኒሊክ እና ሠራዊታቸው መምጣት ጨለማ ምዕራፍ የጀመረበት ጊዜ ነበር። ሚኒሊክ በዘመናዊ የአውሮፓ ጦር መሳሪያዎች የታጠቁ ሲሆን፣ በኦሮሞ፣ በሲዳማ፣ በጉራጌ እና በሌሎች ደቡባዊ ህዝቦች ላይ የወረራ ዘመቻ ጀመሩ። ይህ ሰላማዊ ውህደት አልነበረም—ቅኝ ግዛት ነበር።
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ተቃዋሚዎቹ የመጀመሪያዎቹ ነበሩ። የመሬታቸውን እውቀት እና ዘረፋ የጦር ስልቶችን በመጠቀም የትውልድ አገራቸውን ለመከላከል በጥብቅ ቆሙ። ነገር ግን የመሳሪያ ልዩነቱ እጅግ ትልቅ ነበር። በጦር እና በጋሻ የታጠቁት ኦሮሞ ተዋጊዎች ከጠመንጃ እና ከመድፍ ጋር ተጋፈጡ።
አንድ የኦሮሞ ሽማግሌ የቅኝ ገዥዎችን መምጫ በግጥም አልቅሰዋል፦
“በእንጦጦ ላይ ቆመን በታች ያለውን ግጦሽ ለማየት አልቻልንም፣
ከብቶቻችንን ወደ ፊንፊኔ ለማጠጣት አልቻልንም፣
የጉለሌ ጉባዔ ይካሄድበት የነበረውን ዳላቲ ተራራ ላይ መሰብሰብ አልቻልንም፣
ማሻሻ ከመጣ ጀምሮ ነጻነት ጠፋ።”
የ1878 አመፅ
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች በ1878 ትልቅ አመፅ ተነሱ። ለዓመታት የጭቆና፣ የመሬት ዘረፋ፣ የከብት ዝርፊያ እና የሴቶቻቸው በደል ይደርስባቸው ነበር። የመጨረሻው ገደብ የሆነው የሚኒሊክ ወታደሮች የኦሮሞ ሴቶችን በግዳጅ መውሰድ ሲጀምሩ ነበር።
በአፈ ታሪክ መሰረት፣ የጉለሌ ኦሮሞ ሴቶች በቅኝ ገዥዎች እየተደፈሩ ስለነበር፣ ተሰብስበው እቅድ አወጡ። ለባሎቻቸው እንዲህ አሏቸው፦
“ከጠላት ጋር ለመተኛት እየተገደድን ነው። ካልተርመሳችሁ፣ ጉዳዩን በራሳችን እንይዛለን።”
ባሎቹ፣ በሀፍረት ተገፋፍተው፣ አመፅ አደራጁ። የጉለሌ ተዋጊዎች የጨለማ ሽፋን እና የመሬቱን ጥልቅ እውቀት በመጠቀም በቅኝ ገዥዎች ላይ የተቀናጀ ጥቃት ፈፀሙ።
ነገር ግን የበለጠ ኃይል ነበራቸው። ሚኒሊክ በወንድሙ ልጅ ዳጃች መሻሻ ሰይፉ የሚመራ ግዙፍ ሰራዊት አስነስቶ አመፁን ለማፈን ላከ። የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ተሸነፉ። በሺዎች የሚቆጠሩ ተገደሉ፣ የተረፉትም ተበተኑ።
መፈናቀሉ ይቀጥላል
የጉለሌ አመፅ መሸነፍ ስርዓታዊ የጭራቂያ ዘመቻ እንዲካሄድ አድርጓል። ኦሮሞዎች ከፊንፊኔ እምብርት—አሁን አራት ኪሎ፣ ስድስት ኪሎ፣ ፒያሳ፣ መርካቶ እና ከዚያ በላይ በሚታወቁ አካባቢዎች—ተባረሩ።
መሬቱ ለሚኒሊክ ጄኔራሎች እና ታማኞች ተሰጠ። የኦሮሞ እርሻዎች ተዘረፉ። የኦሮሞ ከብቶች ተወሰዱ። የኦሮሞ ልጆች ለባርነት ተገደዱ።
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ወደ አራት አቅጣጫ ተበተኑ። አንዳንዶቹ ወደ አጎራባች የኦሮሞ አካባቢዎች—ወደ ሜታ፣ ሱሉልታ፣ ባቾ፣ አዳ ባርጋ፣ ዋሊሶ እና ኩታዬ—ሸሹ። ሌሎች በፊንፊኔ ቀሩ፣ ነገር ግን ቁጥራቸው ቀስ በቀስ እየቀነሰ ወደ ዳርቻ እየተገፉ ሄዱ።
ዛሬም መፈናቀሉ ይቀጥላል። በቦሌ፣ ጋርጂ፣ ቡልቡላ፣ ላፍቶ፣ መካኒሳ፣ ቃራ ቆሬ፣ ቡራዩ፣ አስኮ፣ ሾጋሌ እና ቃሊቲ አካባቢዎች የኦሮሞ ቤተሰቦች ለአዳዲስ ልማቶች መንገድ ለመስጠት እየተፈናቀሉ ነው።
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች መቋቋም
ለብዙ መቶ ዘመናት የቆየው ጭቆና ቢኖርም፣ የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች አልተሰበሩም። ባህላቸውን፣ ቋንቋቸውን እና ማንነታቸውን በሁሉም ችግሮች ላይ ጠብቀዋል።
ተቋቋማቸው አሁንም በሚዘፍኑት ዘፈኖች ውስጥ ተይዟል፦
“ቦሌ በአንድ ወቅት የስንዴ እና የገብስ እርሻ ነበረች፣
አሁን በቪላዎች ተሸፍኗል።
እዚያ ይግጠሙ የነበሩት ከብቶች ጠፍተዋል፣
መሬቱ በእንግዶች ተወስዷል።”
ሌላ ዘፈን የመሬት መጥፋትን እያዘነ የማይበገር መንፈስን ያረጋግጣል፦
“ቦሌ፣ የቦሌ ውሀ፣
ቪላዎቹ ሜዳውን ሸፍነዋል።
ነገ ወደ ጅማ እንሄዳለን፣
ይህ ክፉ ጊዜ ያልፋል።
ጸና፣ ጸና፣ አትተው!”
ትግሉ ይቀጥላል
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ታሪክ ያለፈ ታሪክ ብቻ አይደለም—የአሁኑ ታሪክ ነው። የፊንፊኔ እና የአካባቢው ኦሮሞ ህዝብ መፈናቀል፣ መገለል እና የማንነት መደምሰስ ይገጥማቸዋል።
የአሁኑ መንግሥት፣ በብልጽግና ፓርቲ ስር፣ የቀድሞ አገዛዞችን ፖሊሲዎች ቀጥሏል። በፊንፊኔ ዙሪያ ያለው የኦሮሚያ ልዩ ዞን በስርዓት ፈርሷል። በቡራዩ፣ ጋርጂ፣ ቦሌ እና ላፍቶ አካባቢዎች ያሉ የኦሮሞ አርሶ አደሮች ለዋና ከተማዋ መስፋፋት መንገድ ለመስጠት እየተፈናቀሉ ነው።
ነገር ግን የኦሮሞ ህዝብ ተስፋ አልቆረጠም። መቃወማቸውን፣ ማደራጀታቸውን እና ፍትህ መጠየቃቸውን ቀጥለዋል።
ወደ ተግባር ጥሪ
የጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች ታሪክ ለሁሉም የኦሮሞ ህዝብ ወደ ተግባር ጥሪ ነው። ለፊንፊኔ የሚደረገው ትግል ስለ መሬት ብቻ ሳይሆን—ስለ ማንነት፣ ስለ ክብር እና ስለ ፍትህ መሆኑን የሚያስታውስ ነው።
ዶ/ር መኩራ ቡልቻ እንደፃፉት፦
“ለረጅም ጊዜ አልቅሰናል። ያንን ትተን ወደፊት እንራመድ—በሀገር ውስጥም ሆነ በውጭ። ህዝባችንን እናደራጅ፣ ተቋማችንን እንገንባ፣ አንድነታችንን እናጠናክር፣ እና ለነጻነታችን እንዋጋ።”
ወደ ነጻነት የሚወስደው መንገድ ግልጽ ነው፦ አንድነት፣ ድርጅት እና ቁርጠኝነት። የኦሮሞ ህዝብ ክፍፍሎቻቸውን ማሸነፍ፣ ተቋማቸውን ማጠናከር እና የተቀናጀ ትግል መገንባት አለባቸው።
ማጠቃለያ
የፊንፊኔ ኦሮሞዎች ታሪክ የመከራ ታሪክ ነው፣ ነገር ግን የመቋቋም ታሪክም ነው። ከጉለሌ ጀግኖች እስከ ዛሬው ቄሮ ድረስ፣ የኦሮሞ ህዝብ መቃወም አላቆመም።
የቱፋ ሙና፣ የሀሳኑ ወዳይ እና ሌሎች በርካታ ጀግኖች ትዝታ ለነጻነት የሚደረገው ትግል የተቀደሰ ግዴታ መሆኑን ያስታውሰናል። መስዋዕትነታቸው ወደ ተግባር ይጠራናል።
ፊንፊኔ ከተማ ብቻ አይደለችም—የኦሮሚያ ልብ ናት። እና የኦሮሞ ህዝብ ታሪካቸውን እስካስታወሱ ድረስ፣ እሷን ለመልሶ ማግኘት የሚያደርጉትን ትግል በጭራሽ አይተዉም።
ይህ የፊቸር ጽሁፍ ለጉለሌ ኦሮሞዎች እና ለመፈናቀል እና ለጭቆና ለተዳረጉ ሁሉ የተሰጠ ሲሆን፣ ለነጻ እና ለፍትሃዊ ኦሮሚያ መቃወማቸውን ለሚቀጥሉ የተሰጠ ነው።
Gooticha Baddaa Horroo Abiishee Waliin Hariiroo Akka Qabutu Himama
Isin Waa’ee Gootummaa Abbaa Biichee Maal Beektu?
Barreessaa: Malkaamuu Taarikuu Amoosaa
Walakkeessi Jaarraa 19ffaa seenaa uummata Oromoo keessatti yeroo itti uummanni Oromoo akka sabaatti falaasama sirna gadaa isaa humnaan molqame, yeroo weerarri maqaa babal’ifannaa lafaa kibba, kibba-dhihaafi baha Oromiyaa guutuu keessatti afaan nafxiin adeemsifamaa ture ta’uu seenaan dubbata. Yeroon kun yeroo Oromoon Arsii fi Harargee Aanolee fi Calanqootti harkaaf miilla, harmaaf qaamni saalaa aalbeen cirame ta’uu seenaan yaadata.
Mootonni kaaba Itoophiyaa yeroo sanii tooftaa gurguddaa lama baafachuun yeroo itti qabeenyaaf eenyummaa Oromoo saamuuf itti adeeman ture. Kunis, humnaan jiilchanii jilbeeffachiisanii bituufi hariiroo michummaa uumuu of keessaa qaba. Jiilchanii bituu keessatti taateen Aanolee, Azulee fi Calanqootti ta’e ragaadha. Hariiroo michummaa uumuu keessatti garuu waraanaa tokko malee abbootii waraanaa Oromoo gariin lola malee olaantummaa mootota warra Kaabaa fudhatan beekamtii kennanii of jalatti hiriirsuun gibira kanfalchiisuu, lola irratti hirmaachisuufi lafa fudhachuu of keessaa qaba.
Mootonni yeroos lola tokko malee karaa nagaa hariiroo jara waliin uuman hedduun akkuma jiran warri akka Waacoo Dabaloo, Abiishee Garbaa, Jorgoo Dagaagoo, Leenjisoo Digaa, Bakar Waaree, fi kkf kanneen olaantummaa mootota warra Kaabaa hinfudhannu jechuun waraanaan dura dhaabbachuu filatanis turaniiru. Gootawwan kanneen hunda guyyaa tokkootti ilaallee fixuu hindandeenyu kanaaf, warra hafe guyyaa biraaf beellama qabadheen keessaa waa’ee seenaa gootummaa Waacoo Dabaloo isiniif qooda.
Dhaloota Waacoo Dabaloo
Waacoo Dabaloo dhiha Oromiyaa, godina Wallagga Lixaa, Aanaa Jaarsoo (Gabaa Dafinoo) jedhamee beekamu keessatti dhalate. Bakki dhaloota isaa kun duratti “citaa Akkumaa” jedhamuun akka beekamu seenaan afoolaa hima.
Har’a Aanaan Jaarsoo magaalaa guddoo Finfinneerraa kiilo meetira 525 akkasumas, Magaalaa guddoo Godina Wallagga Lixaa Gimbiirraa gara Lixaatti kiilo meetira 103 fagaattee kan argamti. Yeroo ammaa Aanaa Jaarsoo karaa bahaan Aanaa Najjoo, karaa Lixaan Aanaa Baabboo Gaambel, karan Kibbaan Aanaa Gullisoofi karaa Kaabaan Aanaa Lataa sibuun kan daangeeffamteedha. Bal’inni lafa aanichaas iskuweer km 491,620 yoo ta’u, olka insa lafaan meetira 1300-2600 meetirakan taateefi teessuma lafaa %85 diriiraa, %10 lafa dachaafi %5 immoo garreen kan ta’eedha.
Waacoof bakki kun bakka ka’umsa qabsooti. Waacoo Dabaloo goota Oromoo dhaloota jaarraa kanaa biratti nama akka mallattoo gootummaa fi sabboonummaa ta’uun yaadatama. Waa’een gootummaafi seenaa jireenya isaa bal’inaan barreeffamee hinjiru, seenaan isaa caalaatti afoola akkasumas geerarsaan dhalootarra dhalootatti afaaniin darbaa dhufeen har’a dhaqqabuu danda’eera.
Hidda Dhalootaa fi Gosaa
Waacoo Dabaloo hidda dhaloota isaatiin Sibuu yoo ta’u lolee lolchiisaa goota jabaa fi hogganaa gosa Siibuuti. Sibuun hidda dhaloota Maccaa shanan keessaa kan Daallee ykn Daadhiiti. Daallee ykn Daadhii ilmaan torba hore. Isaanis Oboo (Leeqaa), Sayyoo, Sibuu, Tummee, Limmuu, Noonnoo fi Daannoo hore. Sibuun ilma sadaffaa Daalleeti. Lixa Oromiyaa keessatti bal’inaan qubatanii argamu.
Seenaa Sibuu dabalataan baruu yoo feetan barruu “Article” John Hultan waa’ee babal’ifannaa Sibuu irratti barreesse barbaaddaa dubbisaa.
Gootummaa fi Qabsoo
Waacoo Dabaloo yeroo saamichi qabeenya fi eenyummaa adeemsifamu san dhaabbatee hin ilaalle. Meeshaa waraanaa aadaa qabuun dura dhaabbate. lafa fi mirga uummata sanaa weerara waraana Miniilik irraa ittisuuf wareegama olaanaa kaffalluu filate.
Seenaan lolaa Waacoo Dabaloo caalaatti jaarraa 19ffaa gara dhumaa keessa, yeroo mootummaan Minilik II babal’ifannaa naannoo kibbaa fi dhiha Oromiyaa gaggeessaa tureetti kan raawwatedha. Lolli isaa amala ittisa biyyaa fi fincila mootummoota nafxanyaa gadootti bitamuu diduu qaba ture. Kanaafis, tooftaa waraanaa Riphee Loltummaa (Guerilla Warfare) fayyadamuun daggala seenee loltoota Miniiliikii Goobanaan hoogganamu waraanuu hoji manee godhate.
Waacoon dinagdee fi waraana kaabaa itti dhufe kiyyootti galchuuf (ambush)-tti dhimma ba’aa akka ture maanguddoonni argaa dhageettii himu. Waacoon bosona aanaa Jaarsoo, Siibu fi dhiha Wallaggaa sirriitti waan beekuuf, naannoo saniin loltoota Miniiliik saamicha lafaa gaggeessuu dhufan hedduu adaba itti tolchuun fi dhabamsiisaa ture jedhu.
Waacoon faayidaa fi angoo Miniiliik isaaf kenne fudhatatee gadootti galuu irra bilisummaa uummata isaatiif jecha daggala akkasumas naannoo keessa sosocho’uun loltuu kaabaa finciluu filate jechuun dubbatu. Meeshaa waraanaa ammayyaa dhabus, tooftaa waraana daggalaa (guerilla warfare) fi onnee gootummaatiin loltoota sirnichaa naannoo isaatti faca’aanitti adaba tolchuu akka danda’ellee seenaan hima.
Waacoo Dabaloo gootota naannoo sanaa kanneen akka Abishee Garbaa fi kanneen biroo waliin hidhata uumuun, Oromoon gidduu-galeessa fi dhihaa akka gurmaa’uufi saamicha lafaa mudataa jiru dura akka dhaabbataniif goota gahee guddaa taphachaa turedha. Tooftaa waraanaa cimaa gootummaan dabaalameen lola gaggeessuun gootummaa isaa mul’iseera. Lola kana keessatti fardaan lolaa akka tureefi maqaan farda isaa “Biichee” jedhamee akka waamamu maanguddoon seenaa dubbatu.
Geerarsa Gootummaa
Hawaasni naannoo sana waa’ee gootummaa Waacoo Dabaloo geerarsaan waan jedhu jedheera. Keessattuu, Wallagga Lixaa naannoo Jaarsoo fi gosni Siibuu gootummaa isaa beekan qubatanii jiran keessatti abboonni onnee dhalootaa qabsootti kakaasuuf dhimma itti ba’aa akka turantu himama. Yeroo baay’ee geerarsi isaa fardasaa “Biichee” fi lola inni diina waraaneen wal qabata.
Geerarsi gootummaa Waacoo Dabaloof geerarame baay’ee beekamaa keessaa muraasni kunooti:
“Waacoon daggala galee,
Daggallikoo hin qabiniin.
Inni farda koomfatee,
Mootichi hin dhabamiin!”
“Mee fardaan dhufe jedhaa,
Biicheen Waacoo Dabaloo.
Gootni eeboo luqqisee,
Diinaaf laatu gadoo!”
Akkuma Seenaa Gootota Oromoo kanneen akka Jeneraal Waaqoo Guutuu fi Abdiisaa Aagaa, seenaan Waacoo Dabaloo hidda dhiiga sabboonummaa Uummata Oromoo keessatti adda dureen kan ibsamudha. Seenaa qabsoo Oromoo keessatti, maqaan Waacoo Dabaloo yeroo baay’ee yaadama “Gabarummaa fudhatanii jiraachuu caalaa fincilanii wareegamuun kabaja” jedhuun walitti hidhamee ka’a.
Hariiroo Gootummaa Waacoo Dabaloo fi Abishee Garbaa
Gootonni inni yeroo sana caalaatti itti dhihaatu fi michummaa hidhata qabsoo waliin qabaachaa ture keessaa inni beekamaan gooticha baddaa Horroo Abiishee Garbaa ture. Waacoon qabsoo isaa keessatti gootota akka Abishee Garbaa (Goodaa Kokoritti kan falme) gargaaruuf gurmaa’ina uumuuf akka yaalaa ture seenaan afoolaa ni ibsa.
Abishee Garbaa goota naannoo Horroo Guduruutti sirna nafxanyaa dura jabinaan dhaabbachaa tureedha. Waacoo Dabaloo fi Abishee Garbaa dhimma saamicha qabeenyaafi eenyummaa waliin ittisuu keessatti hidhata gootummaa guddaa waliin qabu turan. Ergaa walii erguu fi yeroo diinni naannoo tokko weeraru waliif dirmachuuf yaalii gochaa akka turan seenaan afoolaa ni dubbata.
Waacoon meeshaa ammayyaa dhabus onnee gootummaan eeboof gaachana qofaan diina qawwee ammayyaa qabu kuffisee meeshaa irraa hiikaa akka ture dubbatama. Kana malees Waacoon abbootii duulaa fi gootota gosa Siibu kanneen akka isaatti fincila filatan waliin loltoota gurmeessuun lolchiisaa tureera. Gootota naannoo Leeqaa keessatti bulchiinsa giddugaleessaa didanii daggala galan waliinis hariiroo guddaa akka qabaachaa ture seenaan dubbata.
Walitti Bu’iinsa Waacoo Dabaloo fi Kuumsaa Morodaa
Mootonni akka Kuumsaa Miniliik II waliin marii fi nagaan walii galuu yeroo filatanitti Waacoon akka malee morme. Akka seenaan barreeffamaa tokko tokko jedhutti Kuumsaan fa’aa “Yoo waraana Miniiliik waliin lollu uummata keenyatu dhuma, lafnis ni gubata” jedhanii waan yaadaniif akka sirna nafxanyaa fudhatantu himama. Akka yaada isaaniitti sirnichaaf bitamanii naannoo sana nagaatti eeguu barbaadu turan.
Waacoon Dabaloo garuu “karaa nagaan bitamanii mootummaa kaabaaf gibira ykn galii kaffaluun gabrummaadha; lafa abbaa keenyaa dabarsinee eenyuuf iyyuu kennuu hin qabnu” jechuun loltoota kaabaa yeroo sanii finciluu filate.
Kanaaf, yoggaa mootiin Kuumsaa maqaa Dejjaazmaach Gabre Igzihaabiheer gonfachuun beekamtii mootummaa Miniiliikii irraa argachuun bulchaa naannichaa ta’uun bakka bu’ee gibira sassaabee erguu jalqabutti Waacoon dura dhaabbachuun diddaa mul’isaa ture. Ilaalchi isaanii lamaan waan wal faallesseef wal loluu akka hin oolle seenaan dubbata.
Waacoo Dabaloo akka harka kennatuu fi mootummaa Miniiliikiif bitamu ajaja dabarsuus Waacoon ajaja kana tuffatee diduun eeboof gaachana isaan waraanuu filate. Haaluma kanaan, uummanni Oromoo Sibuu naannoo Jaarsoo jiraatu akka gibira mootummaa alagaaf hin kaffalleef inumaayyuu kakaasuun fincilsiisuu eegale.
Xumura
Akkuma Seenaa Gootota Oromoo kanneen akka Jeneraal Waaqoo Guutuu, Aliyyii Cirrii, Bakar Waaree…seenaan Waacoo Dabaloo hidda dhiiga sabboonummaa Uummata Oromoo keessatti tokko jedhamee kan ibsamudha. Waacoo Dabaloo har’as dhaloota jaarraa kanaa biratti asxaa kabaja mirga abbaa biyyummaa Oromootii fi mallattoo gootummaaf sabboonummaa akkasumas fakkeenya cichoominaa ta’uun kaafama.
Akkuma gootota Oromoo hedduu, Waacoo Dabaloo dirree lolarratti humnaan injifatamee osoo hin taane, shiraaf dabaan kiyyootti galuun akka qabamee achumaan akka wareegame dubbatama. Har’a uummati naannoo sanaa gootummaa isaa kanaan kan ka’e daggala fi lafa inni itti falme maqaa isaatiin yaadatu.
Har’a siidaan dhaabbachuufii baatus gootummaa fi guddummaa isaa dhaloota yaadachiisuuf maatii Waacoon gamoo guddaan tajaajila Hoteelaa kennu tokko magaalaa Jaarsoo keessatti akka yaadannoo Waacoo Dabaloof ta’utti ijaaramee jira.
Injifannoon Ummata Oromoo!
Gootummaa Waacoo Dabaloo haa jabaattu!
Galfata nurraa qabu! Hayyoota, beektoota akkasumas gootawwan qaqqaalii dilbii seenaa nu kudhaamuuf aarsaa qaalii kanfalanii darban maraaf ulfinaafi yaadatamuutu mala!
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