Dhaamsa ABOn Bara 2026: Tokkummaa fi Qabsoo Jabeessuu

Guyyaa Mudde 31, 2025 — Addi Bilisummaa Oromoo (ABO) dhaamsa bara haaraa 2026 isaa dabarsuun, waggaa darbe sirna fi hidhannoo hamaa keessa darbee, qabsoo bilisummaa Oromoo itti fufsiisuuf, tokkummaa fi cimina ummataa waamicha guddaa taasiseera.
Dhaamsi kun, miseensota, hogganoota, deeggartoota ABO fi ummata Oromoo maraaf baga bara haaraa dabarsuun jalqabame, barri haaraas “bara nagaa, milkii, haqaa fi dhugaa” ummataaf akka ta’u abdii guddaa isa keessa qaba.
Hanga ta’us, ABOn hubachiise akka barri 2025 kanatti dhiibbaan siyaasaa fi hidhaa mootummaa Wayyaanee irra gahaa ture, gufuulee hedduu dhaaba fi miseensota isaa irratti geggeeffame. Haala kana keessatti, ABOn akka ibsutti, “sodaa fi bir’annaa tokko malee” hojii siyaasaa geggeessuun itti fufeera. Kunis, waajjira muummee Gullalleen ABO, leenjii haaromsaa miseensotaaf kennuu, fi gumiin sabaa ABO walga’ii dhaabbataa 3ffaa geggeeffachuun hojiilee dandamachaa hojjeteera.
Haala rakkoo kana keessa, dhaabichaan ibsa ulfaataa ummata Oromoo irratti roorroon itti fufuun geggeeffamaa jiru mirkaneessee, akkaataan ajjeechaan maqaan adda addaa, hidhamuun, saamamuun, fi buqqaachisni lammiilee kumootaa Oromiyaa keessatti itti fufuun “ummatni wabii jireenyaa dhabe” jedhee dubbateera.
Dhaabichaan, furmaata kanaaf, “humna Oromoon qabu inni guddaan tokkummaa isaati” jedhee waamicha jabeessaa ummataaf godheera. ABOn waamicha ummatatiin, “sab-boonummaa Oromummaa” jabeessuu, fi “ololoota farrummaa” kan ABO fi qabsoo irratti geggeeffaman irraa of eeguu qofa irratti akka xiyyeeffatan dhaammateera.
Gama siyaasaa biyyattii ilaalchisee, ABOn mormiin isaa sirna PP fi’ila isaa irratti fooyyeessuun, rakkoon siyaasaa fi dinagdee biyyattii “karaa siyaasaa, dinagdee fi hawaasummaan dabalaa jiru” jedhee dubbateera. Kanaaf, ABOn, “qulqullummaan gadi taa’ee qaamota dhimmi ilaalu waliin marii nagaa” geggeeffamuun furmaata argamsiisu irratti yaamicha deebise.
Xumurri dhaamsaa kanaatiin, ABOn ummata Oromoo fi qabsaawoota isaa “irbuu keenya yoom illee haarawaa, abdiin keenyaas guddaa” ta’uu wal irratti abdanna jechuun, qabsoo jabeessuun daandii filannoo biraa hin qabne ta’uu mirkaneessee, barri 2026 bara “ajjeechaa, roorroo fi gidiraan irraa dhaabbatu” akka ta’u abdii guddaa dabarseera.
Dhaamsi ABO kana, fiixaa fi kaka’umsi qabsoo Oromoo itti aanuuf bu’uura cimaa fi waamicha tokkummaa ummataa ta’uun, rakkoo fi dhibee waggaa 2025 keessa mudate irraa ka’uun, qabsoo itti fufuuf yaada gama hundaan qaba.
Oromo Diaspora Celebrates 46th OLA Anniversary Online

Oromo Diaspora Marks 46th OLA Anniversary and New Year with Virtual Gathering, Honors Foundational Victory
January 2, 2026-In a significant online assembly bridging continents, the global Oromo community gathered on January 2, 2026, for a dual commemoration: the 46th anniversary of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA/WBO) and the celebration of Ayyaana Amajjii 1, the Oromo New Year. The virtual event, held via Zoom, served as a space for reflection, strategic review, and a powerful reaffirmation of commitment to the liberation struggle.
The gathering provided a platform to assess the achievements and persistent challenges of the Oromo quest for self-determination. Speakers connected the modern struggle directly to its historical roots, with participant Jaal Dhugaasaa Bakakkoo detailing the harsh founding conditions of the OLA. He highlighted a pivotal foundational moment: the first official day of the OLA was celebrated on January 1, 1980, to mark a victory over a major campaign by the then-ruling Darg (Derg) regime. This historical note underscored that the movement was born not in abstraction, but in the crucible of direct combat and early triumph.
The intertwining of the cultural New Year (Ayyaana Amajjii) with the military anniversary was emphasized as a core feature of Oromo resistance, symbolizing the inseparable link between cultural identity and political struggle. Organizers stated that these dates are perennially observed wherever Oromo patriots, members of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF/ABO), and supporters of the cause are found.
A central and poignant message was directed at the Oromo youth. In his keynote address, Dr. Daggafaa Abdiisaa framed the continuation of the struggle as a sacred duty inherited from past sacrifices, declaring, “The duty to pursue the goal and objective of the OLF rests upon you, the beloved children of the fallen heroes.”
The event concluded with a sense of solemn purpose, honoring the legacy of the last 46 years—from the first victory commemorated in March 1980 to the present-day resistance—while charting a determined course for the future. It reinforced the global diaspora’s role as a pillar of solidarity and historical memory for the ongoing movement in Oromia.
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Background Notes:
- The Oromo Liberation Army (OLA/WBO) is the armed wing associated with the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF/ABO).
- On January 1, 1980, the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) celebrated its first formal day to commemorate a hard-fought victory over the Darg regime’s campaigns.
- This day stands as a testament to the early courage and sacrifice that laid the foundation for the ongoing struggle. We remember, honor, and draw strength from the resilience shown from the very beginning.
- Ayyaana Amajjii 1 marks the Oromo New Year based on the traditional Gadaa calendar.
- The OLA’s first commemorative day was March 1, 1980, following a military victory against the Derg (Darg) government.
- The Oromo have been engaged in a long-standing struggle for self-determination within Ethiopia.

Oromo Grievance: The Call for Historical Reckoning

News Feature: The Unfinished Burial – Oromo Grievance and a Call for Reckoning
FINFINNE – In a powerful and poignant declaration circulating within Oromo intellectual and activist circles, a statement titled “Our Grievance” (Dogongora keenya) lays bare a deep-seated historical pain and issues a stark challenge to the community’s present path. Framed not as a political manifesto but as a moral and cultural reckoning, the text articulates three core wounds that continue to fester, preventing collective healing and progress.
The statement’s first grievance cuts to the heart of historical memory. It accuses the Oromo people of having “abandoned the history of yesterday”—specifically, the foundational legacy of the Gadaa system and the sacrifices of those who fought to preserve Oromo identity. This, the authors argue, is a profound act of self-neglect, a failure to honor the very struggles that define the nation.
The second point presents a searing economic and spiritual critique. It states that the community has “failed to understand the value of land or the value of bone.” This evocative phrase unpacks a dual tragedy: the loss of ancestral territory (land) and the dishonoring of martyrs (bone). The text contends that while the physical land was lost, the greater failure lies in not ensuring that the sacrifice of those who died defending it was redeemed through continued, effective struggle. The declaration warns against a cyclical resignation where one generation’s defeat is accepted, hoping the next will simply be born into a new fight, rather than completing the unfinished work of the past.
The most direct and impassioned grievance addresses the legacy of state violence. It lists the targeted losses of “Oromo scholars, teachers, doctors, sheikhs, priests, artists, and Gadaa leaders,” accusing the community of a catastrophic failure: while knowing the perpetrators and witnessing ongoing atrocities, there has been a critical absence of holding them accountable. The text condemns this as both a failure to “settle the score” for crimes against the Oromo elite and, more damningly, a failure to “return and differentiate friend from foe,” suggesting a dangerous ambiguity in the face of oppression.
Analysis: Beyond Grievance, A Call for Cohesion
This “Dogongora” transcends a simple list of complaints. Analysts view it as a crucial internal dialogue, a mirror held up to the Oromo national movement at a complex juncture.
“It is a lamentation, but also a prescription,” says Dr. Lemmi Bula, a historian of Oromo studies. “The authors are diagnosing a crisis of continuity and accountability. The grievance about ‘bone’ versus ‘land’ is particularly profound—it asks whether we have honored the sacrifice of our heroes by building upon it strategically, or merely mourned them while the underlying conditions remain.”
The statement’s circulation comes amid ongoing conflict in the Oromia region and persistent debates over political strategy, representation, and reconciliation within Ethiopia. Its significance lies in its source: it is an introspective critique from within, demanding a higher standard of historical consciousness, strategic clarity, and moral resolve from the community itself.
A Community’s Response
The reaction among Oromo intellectuals and activists has been one of solemn reflection. Many agree the issues raised are fundamental. “It hurts because it is true,” shared activist Fayisa Lelisa. “We are quick to declare our heroes but slow to build the disciplined, unified institutions that would make their sacrifice truly meaningful. This is a wake-up call to move from mourning to a more purposeful honoring.”
There has been no official response from the Ethiopian government, to whom the indirect accusations of violence are aimed. The statement concludes not with a demand of the state, but with a challenge to the Oromo people: to reclaim their history, re-evaluate their struggle, and insist on justice for their fallen, framing these not as optional pursuits but as the essential duties required for true liberation.
As one elder, upon reading the text, summarized: “It is not enough to say we remember. We must build a future that makes the memory of our sacrifices proud.” The “Dogongora” now stands as a watershed document, compelling a nation to confront its deepest pains to chart a more coherent and honorable path forward.
A Celebration of Resilience and Remembrance

Feature Commentary
Beneath the warm embrace of a shared meal and the quiet hum of community, members and supporters of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF)-Konyaa ABO Victoria gathered to mark the eve of January 2026. The atmosphere was one of familiar camaraderie, yet it was underscored by a profound and collective gravity. This was more than a festival’s eve; it was a vigil of memory and resolve.
The wishes exchanged were simple, universal: for peace, for happiness in the coming year. But here, these words carried the weight of a long struggle. As one speaker noted, this day is a confluence of two powerful streams of consciousness: the hope inherent in a new year, and the solemn remembrance of the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) – its founding and its continued sacrifice.
The true heart of the evening beat in the acknowledgments of those sacrifices. An elder’s voice, tempered by time and loss, cut through the gathering: “God bless our sons who sacrificed for us.” It was a prayer, a benediction, and a thread connecting generations. It spoke of a raw, personal cost paid by families across the Oromia region.
This sentiment was echoed, with hardened clarity, by Oromo fighters present. “We were able to come out in the open because of the sacrifices of a few people,” one stated. This simple sentence framed their current visibility not as a given, but as a hard-won space purchased by the lives of others. It acknowledged a debt that could not be repaid, only honored.
And so, the celebration naturally evolved into a covenant. The warm atmosphere became a crucible for renewed determination. The final, prevailing message was a call borne from both gratitude and grief: we must continue our struggle to put an end to the sacrifices that have been made so far. It was a recognition that the ultimate honor to the fallen is not just in remembrance, but in forging a future where such sacrifices are no longer required. The evening thus closed, holding in tension the joy of community, the sorrow of memory, and the unwavering steel of a continued journey.








Honoring the Guardians of the Struggle

Feature Commentary
“Galata Qabsaa’otaa…” – Honor the Warriors. These words resonate as a sacred debt of gratitude within the Oromo community, a recognition of those who risked everything when the price of freedom was ultimate sacrifice.
In the tumultuous years following the fall of the Derg regime, a period of profound uncertainty and danger descended upon Ethiopia. For many Oromo freedom fighters, the dawn of a new era brought not peace, but a brutal twilight. Stripped of legal protection, they became targets—some left to perish from untreated wounds by the roadside, others hunted and thrown into the shadows of prisons. It was a time of severe crisis, a test of collective conscience.
Amidst this pervasive fear in Finfinnee (Addis Ababa), a flicker of humanity refused to be extinguished. A handful of Oromo residents, themselves navigating a treacherous landscape, made a courageous choice. They became protectors, hiding wounded and wanted fighters in plain sight, providing not just shelter but life-saving medicine and care. Their homes became field hospitals; their quiet defiance, a shield against the state’s wrath.
Among these unsung heroes is Obbo Araggaa Qixxataa. Born and raised in Dirree Incinnii, Oromia, he had come to Finfinnee as a businessman, establishing his life for many years in the Birbirsa Goora area. But when history demanded more than commerce, he answered. His residence became a sanctuary, a critical node in a clandestine network of survival. The business acumen that guided his public life was redirected to the covert logistics of preservation—securing medicine, arranging safe passage, sustaining lives that the official order sought to erase. Today, residing in America, his legacy is not measured in capital but in the lives he helped safeguard. Galataa fi Kabaja Oromummaatu isaanif mala! Gratitude and respect for Oromummaa are his rightful due.
This act of remembrance is being formally honored. The organization Oromo Global has undertaken the vital mission of strengthening and recognizing these aging veterans of the struggle. By bestowing acknowledgments like the one upon Obbo Araggaa, they perform a critical act of historical preservation—ensuring that the quiet bravery of the past is not lost to the noise of the present.
The Bottom Line:
The story of Obbo Araggaa Qixxataa is a microcosm of a broader, often unrecorded history. It reminds us that liberation movements are not sustained by soldiers and speeches alone. They are nourished by the shopkeeper who shares his bread, the homeowner who opens her door, and the businessman who uses his resources to heal rather than just to profit. Honoring the warriors also means honoring their guardians.
As organizations like Oromo Global step forward to say “Galata haa argatan”—let them receive thanks—they are piecing together a fuller, more human tapestry of resistance. They affirm that in the economy of gratitude, the currency of courage spent in dark times never depreciates.
Traditional Hookkuu Tournament Sparks Joy in Oromia

Gujii Adoolaa’s “Reeddee Ardaa Jilaa” Tournament Sparks Community Celebration and Competition
Gomboba, Oromia – In a vibrant display of community spirit and youth engagement, Gujii Adoolaa’s Reeddee Ardaa Jilaa sports tournament kicked off today in Gomboba. The event, centered around the traditional game of Hookkuu (a hockey-like sport), is drawing enthusiastic participation from across the area.
The opening ceremony was highlighted by a special match for elementary school children, adding a festive and inclusive atmosphere to the proceedings. However, the spirit of friendly competition took center stage as the tournament formally began.
The focus of the day was a decisive match officiated by Murtii Doorii Galaanaa Ciraa. In a thrilling and closely contested game, the Woddeessaa team emerged victorious, earning a commendable win on the field.
In a unique and celebratory local tradition following the match, supporters of the Daballee team, though disappointed by the loss, engaged in the customary practice of “qooxoo saaquu”—a playful and symbolic act of good-naturedly pursuing their rivals. This tradition underscores the deep-rooted cultural context of the tournament, where competition is balanced with communal bonds and customary expressions of sportsmanship.
The Reeddee Ardaa Jilaa tournament is seen as a significant event for Gomboba, promoting physical activity, preserving traditional games, and strengthening social ties within the community. The tournament is expected to continue with further matches in the coming days.




Karrayyu Community’s Sacred Ritual for Power Transition

Karrayyu Gadaa Council Prepares Historic “Buttaa Qaluun” Rite for Leadership Transition
TARREE KEEDII, OROMIA — In accordance with the sacred eight-year cycles of the Oromo Gadaa system, the Karrayyu community is undertaking profound preparations for the Buttaa Qaluu ceremony—a pivotal ritual that facilitates the peaceful and systematic transfer of power from one Gadaa grade to the next.
Central to this process is the revered Baallii Gadoomaa (the scepter of Gadaa). Per Oromo law, the scepter is transferred every eight years. For the Karrayyu, the incumbent Gadaa council, having held the scepter and led the people for its designated eight-year term, is now charged with preparing the successor grade to assume power.
“The current Gadaa grade, having taken the Baallii Gadoomaa and governed for eight years, must now create the space—the Goobaa or Irreessa—for the next Gadaa set to rise,” explained a senior cultural analyst familiar with the rites. “This act of ‘giving space’ is a core constitutional principle of Gadaa, ensuring balanced, rotational, and non-hereditary leadership.”
The elaborate Buttaa Qaluu ceremony, now being organized at the sacred site of Tarree Keedii, is the formal mechanism for this transition. The term Goobaa itself encompasses the acts of vacating, clearing the path, mentoring, and imparting wisdom to the incoming leaders.
“The Karrayyu use Gadaa’s peaceful and consensual transfer of power as a model for national governance,” the analyst added. “The Goobaa demonstrates how leadership can be relinquished gracefully to ensure continuity and stability.”
Current Council Prepares the Ground
All eyes are now on the Gadaa Michillee council, the current custodians of power. Their critical preparatory duty is to receive the final blessings (Eebbaa) from the Abbaa Bokkuu (the presiding father) at their designated ritual ground (Ardaa).
Following this, they will proceed to the assembly site at Tarree Leedii to take their positions and oversee the meticulous execution of the Goobaa rituals. Their role is to ensure every sacred protocol is followed to legitimize and empower the incoming grade.
This meticulous process underscores the Gadaa system’s enduring sophistication as a indigenous system of democracy, conflict resolution, and constitutional governance. The Buttaa Qaluun ceremony is not merely a cultural event but a living enactment of a social contract that has guided the Oromo people for centuries.
The upcoming rites are expected to draw elders, scholars, and community members from across the region to witness this foundational practice of Oromo democracy in action.
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About the Gadaa System:
Gadaa is the traditional, holistic social system of the Oromo people that governs political, economic, social, and religious life. It is based on an eight-year cyclical timeline, with power rotating democratically among five generational grades. In 2016, UNESCO inscribed the Gadaa system on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Historic Launch of Borana Student Association in Ethiopia

Kenya and Ethiopia Leaders Unite for Historic Launch of Cross-Border Borana Student Association
KOKET, ETHIOPIA — In a landmark event symbolizing cross-border cooperation, political, academic, and community leaders from Kenya and Ethiopia joined university students in Koket, Ethiopia, for the official inauguration of the Borana Ethiopia University Students Association (BESA).
Held under the unifying theme “Education, Empowerment, and Unity,” the launch ceremony brought together a diverse assembly of students, elders, and government officials. The forum served as a platform for critical discussions on leadership, the preservation of cultural identity, and the pivotal role of education in fostering peace and sustainable development within the Borana community and across the region.
The high-profile event underscored the initiative’s significant political and social backing, with notable attendees including:
- H.E. Abagada Guyyo Boru Guyyo (Ethiopia)
- PS Kello Harsama, Principal Secretary, The State Department for Livestock (Kenya)
- Hon. Prof. Guyo Jaldesa, Member of Parliament, Moyale Constituency (Kenya)
- Hon. Col. (Rtd) Dido Ali Rasso, Member of Parliament, Saku Constituency (Kenya)
- Sen. Mohamed Chute, Senator, Marsabit County (Kenya)
They were joined by other distinguished guests and elders from both nations, highlighting a shared commitment to the association’s goals.
The primary mission of BESA is to strengthen unity, academic collaboration, and cultural cohesion among Borana university students in Ethiopia. Organizers envision the association as a catalyst for empowering youth to become proactive leaders and change-makers, equipped to contribute to their communities’ socio-economic progress.
“This is more than a student club; it is a bridge,” said one of the founding student members. “A bridge between generations, between our campuses, and between our nations. Through BESA, we are investing in a unified future rooted in knowledge and shared purpose.”
The launch of BESA marks a proactive step in harnessing the potential of the region’s youth, emphasizing that education and collaborative spirit are fundamental pillars for lasting peace and shared prosperity in the Horn of Africa.
About BESA:
The Borana Ethiopia University Students Association (BESA) is a newly formed organization dedicated to uniting Borana university students across Ethiopia. Its core objectives include promoting academic excellence, cultural exchange, leadership development, and community service, with a vision to nurture a generation of empowered and socially responsible leaders.

5 Pillars of Catalytic Leadership: A Human-Centered Approach

The Spark, Not The Sun: Reimagining Leadership as a Catalyst
We have inherited a myth of leadership. It’s the image of the lone visionary on the stage, the charismatic figure with all the answers, the unshakeable confidence that commands a room. This model is seductive. It’s also outdated, exhausting, and ultimately, a limitation.
True leadership is not about being the most luminous object in the solar system. It is, instead, about understanding physics: how to create the conditions for fusion. Real leadership is not about radiating light, but about becoming a catalyst—an element that accelerates transformation in others without being consumed by the process itself.
This catalytic model requires a fundamental shift from self-centered authority to human-centered architecture. It moves away from the question “How do I look?” and toward the question “How do I make this space work?”
The Catalytic Capacity: Five Pillars of a New Model
A catalyst doesn’t participate in the final product; it enables the reaction. Similarly, catalytic leadership is defined by a specific, others-focused capacity:
- The Recognition of Potential: It begins with a generous eye—the ability to see the latent skill, the quiet insight, or the unspoken courage in someone else, often before they see it in themselves. This is not about finding clones, but about appreciating diverse forms of brilliance.
- The Creation of Safe Conditions: Potential is fragile. It wilts under the glare of judgment and micromanagement. The catalytic leader’s primary work is to engineer an environment of psychological safety—where risk-taking is protected, where “I don’t know” is a permitted phrase, and where failure is treated as data, not disgrace.
- The Art of Guiding Without Overshadowing: This is the delicate balance of providing direction without imposing a shadow. It’s offering a compass, not drawing the entire map. It’s asking “What path do you see?” more often than declaring “Here is the path.”
- The Discipline of Supporting Without Controlling: Support empowers; control infantilizes. The catalytic leader provides resources, removes roadblocks, and offers a steady hand, but resists the impulse to take the wheel. Their goal is to build the other person’s agency, not their own dependency.
- Holding the Emotional Space: Perhaps the most profound role is that of an emotional container. Growth is emotionally turbulent. Catalytic leaders hold steady, absorbing uncertainty and anxiety to create a stable space where others can process fear, frustration, and exhilaration without being overwhelmed.
The Shift: When Leaders Stop Performing and Start Facilitating
When a leader makes this transition—from striving to be the light to committing to spark it—a tangible energy shift occurs. The atmosphere of a team or organization transforms.
- Courage Replaces Caution: When safety is assured, people stop editing their ideas and start championing them. They debate vigorously, not because they are defensive, but because they are invested.
- Culture Gains Stability: A culture built on one person’s charisma is brittle. A culture built on widespread ownership and mutual respect is resilient. It survives market shifts and leadership transitions because it is woven into the fabric of the collective.
- Contribution Becomes Confident: People no longer contribute to please an authority figure or to avoid blame. They contribute from a place of genuine stakeholdership, knowing their unique spark is both seen and needed.
- Leadership Becomes a Shared Energy: Leadership detaches from title and becomes a behavior, a mode of operating that anyone can adopt. It circulates. The person with the formal title may be the primary catalyst, but soon, team members begin to catalyze growth in each other. Leadership becomes renewable energy.
The Human-Centered Future
The grandstanding, all-knowing leader is a relic of a top-down, industrial age. The complex, interconnected challenges of our time—in business, community, and society—cannot be solved by a single brain, no matter how brilliant. They require the collective intelligence, creativity, and commitment of many.
The future of leadership is therefore not self-centered. It is human-centered. It is measured not by the leader’s personal output, but by the growth and output they unlock in others. It is a practice of humility, service, and profound belief in human potential.
It asks a leader to be confident enough to be quiet, secure enough to be unseen in the moment of someone else’s triumph, and wise enough to know that the true legacy is not a list of their own accomplishments, but a thriving ecosystem of leaders they helped ignite.
The ultimate success of a catalyst is revealed in the vibrant, self-sustaining reaction that continues long after it has left the chamber. The ultimate success of a leader is a team, a community, or an organization that shines brightly on its own, knowing how to generate its own light.
Gadaa Michillee Clan of Karrayyu Commences Historic “Cidha Buttaa” Ceremony

Muddee 26, 2025 — The esteemed Gadaa council of the Michillee clan within the Karrayyu Oromo nation has officially inaugurated the grand Cidha Buttaa ritual at Tarree Leedii, marking the beginning of a profound 12-day cultural and spiritual observance. The ceremony, which began on the 26th of Muddee (December), is set to conclude with major rites on the 26th and 27th.
The Cidha Buttaa is a complex sequence of traditional rites performed in a strict, consecutive order over its duration. The opening days have seen powerful foundational ceremonies:
Day 1 (Muddee 26):
- The Gadaa council members formally took their designated seats (Tarree Leedii).
- The sacred fire at the Abbaa Bokkuu’s (leader’s) hut was ignited.
- Blessing rituals (Eebbaa) were performed.
- A ritual of communion and sharing of ceremonial drink (Qubsuma) was held.
- Camels (Geejjiba) were paraded in a display of honor and strength.
- At Tulluu Huffeenna, a Kataarii tree was erected and burned, with prayers for abundance (Korbeessa Huffeenaa).
- The Raabaa officials conducted rituals involving a ceremonial staff (Dhaddacha) and the planting of a ritual stake (Ardaaga).
Day 2 (Muddee 27):
- A mature bull (Dullacha) was sacrificed at the entrance of the leader’s hut.
- Vigil was kept over the sacred fire and the Ardaaga stake.
From the third to the fifth day (Muddee 28-30), the focus shifted to construction: building the main ritual lodge (Galma), installing the central ritual object (Daasa Keessummaa), and constructing enclosures for cattle and camels.
The period from the fifth to the ninth day (Muddee 30-Amajjii 3) involves spiritual and communal deliberations:
- Pilgrimages to sacred sites like Uman, hills, and valleys.
- Prayers for peace to Waaqa (the Creator).
- A series of assemblies to discuss the preservation and transmission of Gadaa laws, customs, and clan identities.
- Deliberations on environmental stewardship and land protection.
All these preparatory rituals will lead to the climactic ceremonies on the tenth day.
Day 10 (Amajjii 6):
- At dawn, the final preparations (Hiiddii) will be made.
- A special shelter (Bitimaa) will be erected behind the cattle enclosure.
- In the afternoon, the Abbaa Galmaa (ceremony head) will stand before the shelter to formally authorize the appointed ritual actors (Gumaachitoota).
The Cidha Buttaa will then enter its final, most sacred phase on the night of the 6th of January, continuing into the 7th of January.
This elaborate ceremony reaffirms the vitality of the Gadaa system, serving as a critical mechanism for cultural renewal, social cohesion, spiritual blessing, and the intergenerational transfer of authority and knowledge among the Karrayyu Oromo.